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Environmental Requirements for Pollution Prevention using Recycling Processes 

Eng. Hamed Trawneh
Head of Environment Department
Jordan Petroleum refinery Company
E-mail: abozaid3000[at]yahoo.com

Introduction:

Refining is considered one of the most important industries in the world but any industry has a certain impact on the environment. The level of pollution resulted from refineries depends on the quality of crude oil processed and the precautions for pollution prevention taken.

The main aim of refineries is to produce a wide range of distillate products which have many uses. This is accomplished through the following:

1.     Distillation: atmospheric and vacuum.

2.     Cracking: using heat or catalysts.

3.     Treating: intermediate and final products.

4.     Blending.

Refineries has an impact on the following :

-  Air

-  Water

-  Ground

1.     Environmental impact of air resources:

1.1      Air: Fixed source ( able to be measured and treated):

-         Carbon monoxide

-         Sulfur dioxide

-         Nitrogen oxides

-         Ammonia

-         Hydrogen Sulfide

-         Metals

-         Volatile organic materials

-         Particulate matter PM₁

1.2 Air: Fugitive emissions:

- Pumps

- Valves

- Tanks

- Mechanical seals

- Safety valves.

Emissions resulting from one ton of fuel:

	Fuel oil, ton	Fuel gas, ton
Carbon dioxide	3.134	1.99
Sulfur dioxide	.07	.178
Steam	.989	1.023

Environmental protection projects: 

-   Executing energy conservation projects:

1.  Waste heat boiler: Also following up the recycling process which conduct to:

-   Reduced sulfur dioxide emissions by 544 ton /year

-   Reduced carbon dioxide by 21200 ton/year

2.  A program for preventing losses of steam, condensate and water which decrease consumption and prevent air pollution which could be resulted from energy consumption when compensating for these losses. This program has decreased the losses with a percentage more than 90% and providing more than 20% of the energy for the refinery.

3.  A project for producing energy and steam as Co-Generation where the heat of the emitted gases is used to generate more steam and reducing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions 28000 ton and 725 ton respectively.

4.  JPRC has began its production of unleaded gasoline by 1995 and the production increases gradually until the compleate seas of leaded gasoline by 2008.

5.  The refinery import diesel with low sulfur content to reduce air emissions from this kind of fuel.

6.  The operations in Naphtha hydrotreater and gasoline reformer has been changed to increase heat transfer efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and emissions from heaters.

2.   Environmental impact on water resources:

2.1  Water in refinery is used or produced in the following systems:

- Cooling towers

- Steam generation

- General utilities

- Fire fighting

2.2  Industrial water treatment unit:

- API separator and water recycling.

- Primary and secondary flocculators

- Floatation unit

- Airiation ponds

- Stabilization bonds

- Sludge treatment

- Waste water treatment units 1,2 (treat more than 500 m3/day

2.3  Water pollution prevention:

- Using new high capacity RO unit.

- Treated water reuse

- Increasing industrial waste water treatment efficiency

- Using air for cooling where ever it is possible

- Using low conductivity water for cooling towers

- Using environmentally friendly chemicals

- Adhering to the required standards and this decrease water consumption.

3.   Soil pollution prevention: 

-   Storm water , waste water and other liquid inside the refinery are collected through integrated systems where the hydrocarbons take concrete routs and be collected in the oil separator where it is separated from water, the hydrocarbons are reused in the refinery by recycling.

-   Environmental survey for all waste in the refinery to be controlled efficiently.

-   Spills control program recycling.

-   Chemicals and additive pools program which could not be dealt with except in special containers and prevent it from reaching the soil.

-   Cooperation with ministry of environment regarding desposal of dangerous materials in SWAGA where Asbestos from the refinery has been disposed there. Also, unused radiation sources has bee sent to Denamrk to be destroyed there.

-   Special system to deal with chemicals depending on material safety data sheet. (MSDS). 

Sustainable Development

To achieve this goal it is important to implement ISO-14001 which achieve the folowing:

-   Harmony with environmental lows and legislations

-   Decrease costs:

-   Decrease waste and its treatment costs

-   Decrease energy and water costs

-   Decrease operating costs.

Monitoring the gas emissions from refinery boilers and heaters and the emissions are controlled through controlling combustion process. Through the fourth expansion project to increase the capacity of the refinery there will be diesel production with sulfur content less than 50 ppm by 2008. ( By recycling the heavy contents and pollutant materials). 

Future Projects

1.     Combustion gas preheating in topping  3. The estimated reduction in emissions in carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide  is 17000 ton and 430 ton / year respectively.

2.     FCC effluent gas usage by converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The estimated reduction in carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide is 1144 ton /year and 500 ton / year respectively. In addition to reducing carbon monoxide emissions by 10000 ton/year

Environmental Policy Statement

The Jordan Petroleum Refinery Co. Ltd believes that good environmental performance enhances the financial wellness of our business and its sustainability.  We also recognize our responsibilities for the environment and to the local community.

The Company’s policy is to comply with relevant laws, regulations and codes of practice at the National level and to continually improve our environmental performance through appropriate and feasible initiatives, controls, provision of resources, and training of employees.  Our aim is to minimize adverse impacts on the environment resulting from Refinery operations and to maximize the reuse of resources.

This Environmental Policy Statement is a declaration of our commitment to the environment and shall serve as a foundation for the implementation of an Environmental Management System.

To materialize its environmental commitment, the Jordan Petroleum Refinery Co. Ltd   will:

-	Strive to comply with all relevant laws, regulations and codes of practice at National level.
-	Continually seek opportunities to improve environmental performance.
-	Employ management systems to quantity and reduce environmental impacts, bearing in mind the life cycles of energy and material supplies.
-	Integrate environmental concerns into all planning, maintenance and management of operations following sustainable development principles where possible.
-	Improve staff environmental awareness and encourage their participation in suggesting ways to prevent waste and pollution.
-	Establish quantitative targets aimed at reducing wastewater, air pollution and solid wastes.
-	Establish quantitative targets aimed at maximizing the recycling and reuse of wastewater where technically and economically  feasible.
-	Implement economically feasible solutions to maximize the reuse of resources.

These commitments will be demonstrated through the introduction of suitable policies, practices and programs.  Their effectiveness will be monitored by evaluating the refinery’s environmental performance and publishing the results to the community, thereby encouraging efforts to comply with the Environmental Policy.  This policy statement will be reviewed annually by the Company’s Environmental Steering Committee.

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